Earth Hour

The logo for Earth Hour

Earth Hour is a global event organized by WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature, also known as World Wildlife Fund) and is held on the last Saturday of March annually, asking households and businesses to turn off their non-essential lights and other electrical appliances for one hour to raise awareness towards the need to take action on climate change. Earth Hour was conceived by WWF and The Sydney Morning Herald in 2007, when 2.2 million residents of Sydney participated by turning off all non-essential lights.[1] Following Sydney's lead, many other cities around the world adopted the event in 2008.[2][3] Earth Hour 2011 will take place on March 26, 2011 from 8:30p.m. to 9:30p.m., at participants' respective local time.

Contents

2011

Earth Hour 2011 will take place on March 26, 2011.

2010

The metal structure of the greenhouses of the curitiban Botanic Garden (Curitiba, Paraná, Southern Brazil), with its lights off on March 27, 2010

Earth Hour 2010 was held from 8:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m. local time, March 27.[4] In Israel, the hour was held on April 22.[5]

Earth Hour 2010 was reportedly the biggest Earth Hour yet, aiming to garner more than the one billion participant goal of 2009's Earth Hour.[6] 126 countries participated in Earth Hour 2010.[7]

In the United States polling shows that an estimated 90,000,000 Americans participated in Earth Hour as lights were turned off around the country including iconic landmarks such as Mount Rushmore, the Las Vegas Strip, the Empire State Building and Niagara Falls.

Earth Hour will be carried out in practical ways moving forward, as cities and landmarks apply the core principle of turning off the lights to their everyday routine. In Chicago, BOMA, the Building Owners and Management Association developed lighting guidelines to reduce light pollution, and reduce the carbon footprint of downtown buildings. Mount Rushmore in South Dakota will now start powering down each night around 9 p.m. instead of 11 p.m.

Vietnam electricity demand fell 500,000 kWh during Earth Hour 2010, which was three times larger than the first time the country joined the event in 2009.[8]

In the Philippines, 1,067 towns and cities pledged participation in 2010 and over 15 million Filipinos participated in the event.

About 4000 cities participated, including landmarks such as Big Ben, the Empire State Building, the Sydney Opera House, the Eiffel Tower, the Brandenburg Gate, and the Forbidden City.[9]

Celebrity Earth Hour ambassadors who are supporting the Earth Hour message include:

Earth Hour has garnered support from many corporations including Coca-Cola Enterprises, Wells Fargo, IKEA, HSBC, PwC, Accenture and Nokia Siemens Networks.

Countries and territories

Asia

Africa

North America

South America

Antarctica

Oceania

Europe

Participating TV channels and Radio stations

Innovative Environmental Media

Australian advertising agency Wunderman Sydney produced an innovative environmentally-friendly marketing piece to support Earth Hour, their pro-bono client since 2009. To encourage businesses to participate in Earth Hour 2010, five-thousand 'Plant Spikes'[11] were produced and distributed to offices around Australia. The spike was designed to be inserted in office pot plants by plant hire company TPR Group as they serviced plants in businesses nationwide.

To ensure the spike was completely environmentally-friendly, the agency partnered with printer STI Lilyfield to invent an organic printer's ink containing natural plant fertilizer derived from Durvillaea potatorum and extract of Ascophyllum nodosum (harvested sustainably), to promote healthy plant growth and improve resistance to insect and fungal attack. Printed on 100% FSC-certified paper, this ink fertilized the pot plants as the spike biodegraded naturally in the plant's soil.

2009

To raise awareness for Earth Hour 2009 during the week leading up to it, Arla Foods coloured their Swedish milk cartons black-grey, as distinct from the typical white-green.

Earth Hour 2009 was from 8:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m. local time, March 28, 2009. 88 countries and 4,159 cities participated in Earth Hour 2009,[12] ten times more cities than Earth Hour 2008 had (2008 saw 400 cities participate).[13] One billion votes was the stated aim for Earth Hour 2009,[14] in the context of the pivotal 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

Among the participants in 2009 was, for the first time, the United Nations headquarters in New York City.[15] The U.N. conservatively estimates that its participation will save $102 in energy.[16]

Reports show that the United States topped the Earth Hour participation with an estimated 80,000,000 people, 318 cities and 8 states participating. The Philippines saw participation from 647 cities and towns or over 15 million Filipinos were estimated to have joined in the hour-long lights-off at 8:30 - 9:30 PM local time. This was followed by Greece with 484 cities and towns participating, and Australia with 309.[17][18]

The Canadian province of Ontario, excluding the city of Toronto, saw a decrease of 6% in electricity usage while Toronto saw a decrease of 15.1% (nearly doubled from 8.7% the previous year) as many businesses darkened, including the landmark CN Tower.[19]

Swedish electricity operator Svenska Kraftnät recorded 2.1% decrease in power consumption from its projected figure between 8 p.m. and 9 p.m. The following hour, the corresponding number was 5%.[20] This equals the consumption of approximately half a million households out of the total 4.5 million households in Sweden.[21]

According to Vietnam Electricity Company, Vietnam electricity demand fell 140,000 kWh during Earth Hour.

The Philippines was able to save 611 MWh of electricity during the time period, and is said to be equivalent to shutting down a dozen coal-fired power plants for an hour.

Participation

Participanting countries

96 countries in 6 continents particpated in the event.

Participating TV channels

2008

Earth Hour 2008 was held internationally on March 28, 2008 from 8 p.m. to 9 p.m. local time, marking the first anniversary of the event. With 35 countries around the world participating as official flagship cities and over 400 cities also supporting, Earth Hour 2008 was celebrated on all seven continents. Iconic landmarks all around the world turned off their non-essential lighting for Earth Hour, including the Sydney Opera House (Sydney, Australia), Empire State Building (New York City, USA), Sears Tower (now Willis Tower, Chicago, USA), Golden Gate Bridge (San Francisco, USA), Bank of America Plaza (Atlanta, USA), Space Needle (Seattle, USA), Table Mountain (Cape Town, South Africa), the Colosseum (Rome, Italy), Royal Castle (Stockholm, Sweden), London's City Hall (United Kingdom), the CN Tower (Toronto, Canada), SM Mall of Asia, SM Science Discovery Center (Manila, Philippines), Suva (Fiji), Nidaros Cathedral (Trondheim, Norway), The Royal Liver Building (Liverpool, United Kingdom), Petronas Twin Towers (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia), KL Tower (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia), Wat Arun Buddhist Temple (Bangkok, Thailand) and the Azrieli Center (Tel Aviv, Israel).

The official website for the event, earthhour.org, received over 6.7 million unique visitors in the week leading up to Earth Hour. Other websites took part in the event, with Google's homepage going "dark" on the day Earth Hour took place.

According to a Zogby International online survey 36 million people participated in Earth Hour 2008. The survey also showed there was a 4 percentage point increase in awareness of environmental issues such as climate change, directly after the event.

2008 participants

Partner cities

Earth Hour 2008 included the following partner cities.[24]

Asia

Europe

North America

Oceania

South America

Supporting cities

182 other cities and regions that also supported the event include:[25][26]

Scheduling

Sydney Harbour Bridge and Sydney Opera House were darkened during Earth Hour 2007.

Before 2008, San Francisco had been running its own "Lights Out" program in October.[27] In 2008 it was moved to March 29 to align with Australia's Earth Hour. This also happened to be the year that Earth Hour became an international event and San Francisco was asked to be a partner city in Earth Hour. Rather than have a competing event, San Francisco decided to support Earth Hour and all Lights Out efforts have now moved to supporting the international Earth Hour event. Since Earth Hour for 2008 was on a Saturday, many high schools in the Greater Toronto Area participated by turning off half the lights in classrooms during the last hour of school on Friday, March 28, 2008. Although the tagline of Earth Hour 2008 was officially, "See the difference you can make", the official radio advertisement ended with the tagline, "Dark city, bright idea."

Azrieli Center in Tel Aviv darkened for Earth Hour 2010.

Tel Aviv scheduled their Earth Hour for Thursday March 27, 2008 to avoid conflict with Sabbath.[28] Dublin moved their Earth Hour to between 9 and 10 p.m. due to their northern geographical location.[29]

Energy saved

Colosseum darkened for Earth Hour 2008
Auditorio de Tenerife darkened for Earth Hour

According to WWF Thailand, Bangkok decreased electricity usage by 73.34 megawatts, which, over one hour, is equivalent to 41.6 tonnes of carbon dioxide.[30] The Bangkok Post gave different figures of 165 megawatt-hours and 102 tonnes of carbon dioxide. This was noted to be significantly less than a similar campaign initiated by Bangkok's City Hall the previous year in May where 530 megawatt-hours were saved and 143 tonnes of carbon dioxide emission was cut.[31]

In the Philippines it was noted by the Philippine Electricity Market Corp. that power consumption dropped by about 78.63 megawatts in Metro Manila, and up to 102.2 megawatts in Luzon island.[32] The maximum demand drop of around 39 MW was experienced at 8:14 p.m. in Metro Manila and of around 116 MW at 8:34 p.m. in the Luzon grid..[33]

Toronto saved 900 megawatt-hours of electricity. 8.7% was saved if measured against a typical March Saturday night.[34]

Ireland, as a whole, had a reduction in electricity use of about 1.5% for the evening.[35] In the three-hour period between 18:30 and 21:30, there was a reduction of 50 megawatts, saving 150 megawatt-hours, or approximately 60 tonnes of carbon dioxide. This saved less than six Irish persons carbon output for an entire year.[36]

Golden Gate Bridge and Marin Headlands public open space in the background, before (inset) and during Earth Hour 2008

In Dubai, where external lighting on several major city landmarks was turned off and street lighting in selected areas was dimmed by 50%, the Electricity and Water Authority reported savings of 100 megawatt-hours of electricity. This represented a 2.4% reduction in demand compared to before the hour began.[37]

The Sky Tower in Auckland, New Zealand, switched off its usual floodlighting during the Earth Hour, and re-lit afterwards.

The best result was from Christchurch, New Zealand. The city reported a drop of 13% in electricity demand. However, Transpower reported that New Zealand's power consumption during Earth Hour was 335 megawatts, higher than the 328 megawatt average of the previous two Saturdays.[38] Melbourne, Australia saved 10.1% of electricity. Sydney, being the city that participated both 2007 and 2008 Earth Hour, cut 8.4% electricity consumption. This is less than last year's 10.2%, however Earth Hour executive director Andy Ridley made the claim that after factoring margin of error, the participation in this city is the same as last year.[39]

The worst result was from Calgary, Canada. The city's power consumption actually went up 3.6% at the hour's peak electricity demand.[40] In Calgary, however, where weather plays a large role in power consumption, the city experienced weather 12°C colder than the previous Saturday's recorded temperature.[41]

Celebrations around the world

These three combo photos show Malaysia's landmark the Petronas Twin Towers in downtown Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, having their lights turned off (from top to lower ground) to mark Earth Hour on March 28, 2009.

Google

A web screenshot of Google Canada's 'darkened' homepage on March 29, 2008.

Earth Hour has also received free publicity from the Google corporation. From 12:00 a.m. on March 29, 2008 until the end of Earth Hour, the Google homepage in the United States, Colombia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland and the UK was turned to a black background. Their tagline is, "We've turned the lights out. Now it's your turn - Earth Hour."[50] However, Google stated that for 2009 they would not turn the page black again due to the confusion it caused many users.[51] A common misconception is that having a black background on a web page reduces the power consumption of monitors; LCD monitors use a constant amount of power regardless of which colors are shown. This is not the case for Organic LED monitors,[52] though they are not currently in popular use.

TV channels

2007

Earth Hour was held on March 31 in Sydney, Australia at 7:30 pm, local time.

Overview of Sydney in Earth Hour 2008

Measurement of reduction in electricity use

Earth Hour is known to result in drop of energy consumption. But not one power generating station has reported lowered production of energy. Statistically, this relates to a zero effect on change of carbon emissions.

According to figures from EnergyAustralia, a local utility, mains electricity consumption for the 2007 event in Sydney was 10.2% lower during the Hour than would be expected given the time, weather conditions and past four years' consumption patterns. The Herald Sun equated this with "taking 48,613 cars off the road for 1 hour."[55] Critics, most notably Columnist Andrew Bolt, labelled this as "A cut so tiny is trivial - equal to taking six cars off the road for a year".[56] In context, the six cars equates to there being six fewer cars on the road at any given point of time in the day or night. In response to this criticism, the organisers of Earth Hour counter that "If the greenhouse reduction achieved in the Sydney CBD during Earth Hour was sustained for a year, it would be equivalent to taking 48,616 cars off the road for a year."[57] and they also note that the main goal of Earth Hour is to create awareness around climate change issues and "to express that individual action on a mass scale can help change our planet for the better."[57] and not about the specific energy reductions made during the hour being all that's required.

The 10.2% figure was itself challenged by David Solomon, a finance student at the University of Chicago. Without citing data sources or the analytical methods he claims to have used, Solomon says he used eight years of electricity usage data to conclude that the Earth Hour-inspired drop was 6.33%, and that after other potential factors were taken into account, 2.10%, "statistically indistinguishable from zero."[55] In some areas in the Northern Hemisphere, it will be twilight at 8 p.m., removing some of the advantages of the event.[58]

Fairfax Media coverage

Media Watch, a television show scrutinising the press, reported on claims that Fairfax publications, The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age had run misleading and even manipulated photographs of the event.[59] The program shows Before and After photos published by the papers and provides commentary that the photos may or may not have been manipulated by overexposure or taking "before" picture 2 days early, as many businesses shut down their lights for the entire evening, precluding an accurate before and after shot comparison on the same evening.

The Australian, a competing news outlet, said that journalists at Melbourne's Age newspaper claimed they had been pressured not to write negative stories about Earth Hour because of the parent company's sponsorship arrangement. The Australian went on to say that on April 10, a statement from the journalists claimed that "Reporters were pressured not to write negative stories and story topics followed a schedule drafted by Earth Hour organisers".[60]

Reception

San Mateo, California is an example of one community that did not embrace the largely symbolic nature of Earth Hour in any large-scale way.

The criticisms of Earth Hour include:

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Earth Hour - Earth Always :: Sydney Media". City of Sydney. 2007-05-18. http://www.sydneymedia.com.au/html/3263-earth-hour---earth-always.asp. 
  2. ↑ "Now is the hour to tackle global warming - WWF-Australia". Wwf.org.au. http://wwf.org.au/articles/now-is-the-hour-to-tackle-global-warming/. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  3. ↑ [1]
  4. ↑ "2010 Global Site – It's Show Time!". Earth Hour. http://www.earthhour.org/Homepage.aspx. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  5. ↑ "Israel to mark 3rd Earth Hour". Ynet News. 04/16/2010. http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3874552,00.html. 
  6. ↑ "Earth Hour Needs You! - Earth Hour News". Earthhournews.posterous.com. 2010-03-08. http://earthhournews.posterous.com/earth-hour-needs-you. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  7. ↑ "La Hora de la Tierra 2010" (in Spanish). WWF. WWF Spain. http://www.wwf.es/que_hacemos/cambio_climatico/la_hora_del_planeta_2010/. Retrieved 2010-03-29. 
  8. ↑ http://www.vnexpress.net/GL/Kinh-doanh/2010/03/3BA1A2E1/
  9. ↑ Alastair Jamieson (March 27, 2010). Big Ben in darkness as 4,000 cities switch off for Earth Hour. The Telegraph. Accessed 2009-04-06.
  10. ↑ Mr President joins Earth Hour in Hanoi, VnExpress, by: Khánh Chi, date: 2010-03-26. (Vietnamese)
  11. ↑ http://theinspirationroom.com/daily/2010/earth-hour-fertilising-plant-spikes/
  12. ↑ "EARTH HOUR 2010: FAQs". http://www.earthhour.org/FAQ.aspx. Retrieved 2010-03-29. 
  13. ↑ Aveling, Nick (2009-02-28). "Earth Hour's bright lead-up". The Star (Toronto). http://www.thestar.com/News/GTA/article/594450. Retrieved 2010-05-01. 
  14. ↑ "Belfast's city lights go out for Earth Hour 2009 - Local & National, News". Belfasttelegraph.co.uk. 2009-03-02. http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/belfastrsquos-city-lights-go-out-for-earth-hour-2009-14209166.html. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  15. ↑ "Press release March 2009 - UNEP to observe Earth Hour in support of action on climate change - United Nations Environment Programme". UNEP. http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=573&ArticleID=6105&l=en. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  16. ↑ "U.N.'s Participation in Earth Hour Is Full of Hot Air, Critics Say - United Nations". FOXNews.com. 2009-03-27. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,511102,00.html. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  17. ↑ "RP topped Earth Hour participation-reports - INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos". Newsinfo.inquirer.net. 2009-03-29. http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20090329-196862/RP-topped-Earth-Hour-participation--reports. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  18. ↑ "''Record power savings for RP in Earth Hour 2009''". Ph.news.yahoo.com. http://ph.news.yahoo.com/star/20090331/tph-record-power-savings-rp-earth-hour20-541dfb4.html. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  19. ↑ "CTV Toronto - Earth Hour prompts 15 per cent T.O. power drop - CTV News". Toronto.ctv.ca. http://toronto.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20090329/earth_hour_090329/20090329?hub=TorontoHome. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  20. ↑ "Tjugofem villors årliga elförbrukning" (in (Swedish)). DN.se. 2009-03-28. http://www.dn.se/nyheter/sverige/tio-villors-arliga-elforbrukning-1.832821. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  21. ↑ "Så påverkade Earth Hour det svenska elsystemet - Svenska Kraftnät". Svk.se. 2009-03-28. http://www.svk.se/Press--info/Nyheter/Nyheter-pressmeddelanden/Nyheter/Sa-paverkade-Earth-Hour-det-svenska-elsystemet/. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  22. ↑ "ANC goes black for Earth Hour 2009 | ABS-CBN News Online Beta". Abs-cbnnews.com. 2009-03-28. http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/lifestyle/03/27/09/anc-goes-black-earth-hour-2009. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  23. ↑ "8TV (Malaysia)". Myfew.net. 2009-03-06. http://www.myfew.net/2009/03/06/8tv-to-halt-its-prime-time-programme-transmission-for-earth-hour.html. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  24. ↑ "Cities - Earth Hour 2008". WWF. http://www.earthhour.org/cities. Retrieved 2008-03-29. 
  25. ↑ "Supporting Cities". WWF. http://www.earthhour.org/supporting-cities. Retrieved 2008-04-06. 
  26. ↑ "Someone get the lights". Toronto Star. March 2008. pp. X6–7. 
  27. ↑ Tyler, Nate. "Lights Out San Francisco". http://www.lightsoutsf.org. Retrieved 2008-03-29. 
  28. ↑ Ross, Oakland (March 28, 2008). "Tel Aviv rock concert gets power from pedals". Toronto Star: pp. A1, A10. http://www.thestar.com/SpecialSections/EarthHour/article/404826. Retrieved 2008-03-29. 
  29. ↑ Winsa, Patty (March 27, 2008). "Someone get the lights". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/printArticle/350711. Retrieved 2008-03-29. 
  30. ↑ "Canadians go dark with world for Earth Hour". CBC. March 2008. http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2008/03/29/earth-hour.html. Retrieved 2008-03-30. 
  31. ↑ "Lights out campaign disappointing: Bangkok helps save very little energy". Bangkok Post. March 2008. http://www.bangkokpost.com/News/30Mar2008_news03.php. Retrieved 2008-03-30. 
  32. ↑ "Earth Hour made dent in power use". Philippine Daily Inquirer. March 31, 2008. http://globalnation.inquirer.net/news/breakingnews/view/20080331-127542/Earth-Hour-made-dent-in-power-use. Retrieved 2009-03-29. 
  33. ↑ "WWF calls for ‘lights out’ event in 2009". Philippine Daily Inquirer. December 11, 2008. http://www.inquirer.net/specialfeatures/theenvironmentreport/view.php?db=1&article=20081211-177480. Retrieved 2009-03-29. 
  34. ↑ Gorrie, Peter (March 2008). "Toronto hits energy target". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/SpecialSections/EarthHour/article/407246. Retrieved 2008-03-30. 
  35. ↑ "Ireland uses less power for 'Earth Hour'". RTÉ News. March 2008. http://www.rte.ie/news/2008/0330/environment.html. Retrieved 2008-03-30. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "Call for continuation of Earth Hour ethos". BreakingNews.ie. March 2008. http://www.breakingnews.ie/ireland/mhojojmhcwoj/. Retrieved 2008-03-31. 
  37. ↑ "Dubai slashes energy use for Earth Hour". Arabian Business. March 2008. http://www.arabianbusiness.com/515051-dubai-slashes-energy-use-for-earth-hour?ln=en. Retrieved 2008-04-01. 
  38. ↑ Lights on, power use up for Earth Hour. Kelly Andrew. The Dominion Post. Monday, 31 March 2008.
  39. ↑ Gorrie, Peter (2008-03-31). "Where do we go from here?". Toronto Star: pp. A1,A17. http://www.thestar.com/article/407472. Retrieved 2008-03-31. 
  40. ↑ "Calgary's Earth Hour effort uses more power, not less". Global Calgary. 2008-03-30. http://www.canada.com/globaltv/calgary/story.html?id=1b997ecc-3465-499f-ab5c-913213ba229a&k=48356. Retrieved 2008-03-30. 
  41. ↑ "Edmontonians cut power consumption by 1.5 per cent during Earth Hour". Edmonton Journal. 2008-04-01. http://www.canada.com/edmontonjournal/news/cityplus/story.html?id=5f6ba0de-d209-45e6-b568-d1df7772d4b4&k=44185. Retrieved 2008-04-07. 
  42. ↑ Potter, Mitch (March 2008). "Scandinavia darkens". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/SpecialSections/EarthHour/article/407156. Retrieved 2008-03-29. 
  43. ↑ "Furtado headlines free Earth Hour concert in Toronto". CBC. March 2008. http://www.cbc.ca/arts/music/story/2008/03/08/furtado-earthhour-concert.html. Retrieved 2008-03-29. 
  44. ↑ "Earth Hour at York's Observatory". York University. March 2008. http://www.yorku.ca/web/yorkevents/event.asp?Event=13740. Retrieved 2008-03-30. 
  45. ↑ "David Dunlap Observatory". WWF. http://wwf.ca/earthhour/canada.html. Retrieved 2008-03-30. 
  46. ↑ "Celebrate Earth Hour at the Science Centre". Ontario Science Centre. http://www.ontariosciencecentre.ca/calendar/default.asp?eventid=750&dmmyyyy=13032008. Retrieved 2008-03-30. 
  47. ↑ Ross, Oakland (2008-03-28). "Tel Aviv rocks to Earth Hour". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/SpecialSections/EarthHour/article/404826. Retrieved 2008-03-31. 
  48. ↑ Tran, Hieu (2009-03-28). "San Diego and the world dims for Earth Hour". SignOnSanDiego.com. http://www3.signonsandiego.com/stories/2009/mar/28/bn28hour131944/?zIndex=74206. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  49. ↑ http://www.earthhour.org/news/default:en/article?id=eh6974755038146759259
  50. ↑ "Earth Hour". Google. http://www.google.ca/intl/en/earthhour/. Retrieved 2008-03-29. 
  51. ↑ "An hour for the Earth". Google. http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/03/hour-for-earth.html. Retrieved 2009-03-28. 
  52. ↑ Freudenrich, Craig. "HowStuffWorks "OLED Light"". Electronics.howstuffworks.com. http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/oled2.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  53. ↑ "The Weather Network - Earth Hour 2008". The Weather Network. http://www.theweathernetwork.com/earthhour/?product=earthhour&pagecontent=index. Retrieved 2008-03-30. 
  54. ↑ "Earth Hour by Candlelight". www.tvo.org. http://www.tvo.org/cfmx/tvoorg/theagenda/index.cfm?page_id=3&action=blog&subaction=viewpost&blog_id=43&post_id=7206. Retrieved 2009-03-28. 
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 Soloman, David (2007-05-09). "Rage, rage against dimming of the light". The Australian. http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,21694864-7583,00.html. Retrieved 2008-03-29. 
  56. ↑ Bolt, Andrew (2008-03-28). "Earth Hour coverage should be grounded". Herald Sun. http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,23443475-5000117,00.html. Retrieved 2008-03-31. 
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 "Information about Earth Hour 2008, history, 2007 - Earth Hour 2008". Earthhour.org. http://www.earthhour.org/about. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  58. ↑ "Earth Hour too early?". The Canadian Magazine of Astronomy & Stargazing XIII (6): p. 37. March/April 2008 
  59. ↑ "Media Watch: Flicking The Switch". ABC. 2007-04-09. http://www.abc.net.au/mediawatch/transcripts/s1892855.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-29. 
  60. ↑ Age blighted by bias, selling its soul The Australian
  61. ↑ Does lighting candles for Earth Hour defeat the purpose?, Christian Science Monitor, March 27, 2009
  62. ↑ Minton, Michelle (2009-03-19). "Announces "Human Achievement Hour" to Coincide with "Earth Hour"". CEI. http://cei.org/news-release/2009/03/19/cei-announces-%E2%80%9Chuman-achievement-hour%E2%80%9D-coincide-%E2%80%9Cearth-hour%E2%80%9D. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  63. ↑ "This ‘Earth Hour,’ leave the lights on - FP Comment". Network.nationalpost.com. http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/fpcomment/archive/2009/03/23/this-earth-hour-leave-the-lights-on.aspx. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  64. ↑ The Real Meaning of Earth Hour, Ayn Rand Institute, March 23, 2009
  65. ↑ Turn out the lights? Not everyone's on board Earth Hour, Christian Science Monitor, March 28, 2009
  66. ↑ "Earth Hour or Blackout Night?". Canadafreepress.com. http://canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/9685. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  67. ↑ Hour of no power increases emissions, The Australian, March 27, 2009
  68. ↑ Cái nhìn khác trong Giờ Trái đất, Dân Trí Daily News, by Cường Cao, date: 2009-03-29. (Vietnamese)
  69. ↑ "Mies kuoli moottoripyörän alle pimeystempauksen pimentämällä tiellä" (in Finnish). Helsingin Sanomat. 27 March 2010. http://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/artikkeli/Mies+kuoli+moottoripy%C3%B6r%C3%A4n+alle+pimeystempauksen+piment%C3%A4m%C3%A4ll%C3%A4+tiell%C3%A4/1135255005911. Retrieved 2010-03-28. 
  70. ↑ "Kaupunki sammutti katuvalot Earth Hourin ajaksi - Mies jäi moottoripyörän alle pimeällä tiellä ja kuoli" (in Finnish). Aamulehti. 28 March 2010. http://www.aamulehti.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/174590.shtml. Retrieved 2010-03-28. 

External links

Wikinews has related news:
  • Businesses and individuals worldwide to turn lights off as part of Earth Hour 2009
  • Businesses and individuals worldwide turn lights off as part of Earth Hour 2008